Paul had already delivered the gentile decree to Galatia during his second tour, and his opponents had rejected it. But above all, a close comparison between Galatians 2:1–10 and Acts 15 demonstrates a surprising number of parallels: the issues (circumcision and gentiles), the outcome (gentile freedom), and the agreement of James and Peter. The key here is to see that Galatians is shaped by ideas being debated in the earliest days of the church. And the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15 presents us with